The first (most significant) 4 bits refer to the presence of TA 1, TB 1, TC 1 and TD 1 characters. The format byte is another mandatory field providing a bitmap from which one implies the remaining ATR fields. It’s also advisable to check this value as an initial sanity check for card being plugged in. Processing of this value is usually handled by the card reader’s driver. ATR values for this byte should read 0x3F or 0x3B. The initial byte TS is a mandatory bit communication synchronization pattern.
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